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การประเมินระบบการเลี้ยงและความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมของไก่พื้นเมืองในเขตภาคเหนือตอนล่างเพื่อการพัฒนาภูมิสังคมอย่างยั่งยืน (ทุนพัฒนาศักยภาพในการทำงานของอาจารย์รุ่นใหม่ สกว. 2555-2557)
Assessment of Husbandry Systems and Genetic Diversity of Indigenous Chicken in Lower Northern Thailand for Geosocial Based Sustainable Development
| หัวหน้าโครงการ | อ.ดร.รังสรรค์ เจริญสุข |
| หน่วยงาน | ภาควิชาวิทยาศาสตร์การเกษตร |
| แหล่งสนับสนุนงานวิจัย | สำนักงานกองทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัย (สกว.)ร่วมกับ สำนักงานคณะกรรมการอุดมศึกษา (สกอ) และมหาวิทยาลัยนเรศวร |
| ระยะเวลาดำเนินการ | 1 กรกฏาคม 2555 - 30 มิถุนายน 2557 |
รายชื่อนักวิจัย- อ.ดร.รังสรรค์ เจริญสุข (หัวหน้าโครงการ)
- รศ.ดร.วันดี ทาตระกูล (ที่ปรึกษา)
รายการเงินงบประมาณ - พ.ศ.2556 เป็นเงิน 240,000.00 บาท
- พ.ศ.2555 เป็นเงิน 240,000.00 บาท
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วัตถุประสงค์โครงการ The objectives of this research project are to investigate production system, diversity and origin of Thai indigenous chicken in lower northern Thailand.
The specific objectives are :
(1) To characterize the farming system in lower northern Thailand and identify possible treats and opportunities to the existence of local chicken population.
(2) To assess the phylogenetic of Thai indigenous chicken and compare with further Asian and European domestic chicken as well as to clarify their maternal origin by using mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism.
ลักษณะโครงการ Thai indigenous chicken play an important role in smallholder farming systems and local populations for long time. They are raised using few input but still generate their products which are an important protein sources as well as are used to meet the multiple social, economic and cultural for house hold needs. Moreover, they are used for specific breeding as widely known fighting cock for chicken fighting sport in Thailand (DLD 2010). Thai indigenous chicken breeds are specific for particular regions and they are assumed showing specific adaptation to climate, disease and local low quality feed. In relation to biodiversity, therefore, they seem to be a reservoir of genes which could be a benefit for the future use. However, in recent years livestock production in Thailand has switched from backyard animals and integrated crop-livestock farming systems to industrial livestock enterprises. Rapid growth has occurred in pig and poultry production. Broilers, layers and pigs are mainly produced and raised by large agribusiness companies (FAO 2002; Na-Chiangmai 2002; OAE 2010). In parallel, exotic livestock was imported to improve production performance and for economically important traits. Indigenous chicken has therefore gradually been used for crossbreeding and was finally replaced completely by exotic commercial breeds. Furthermore, indigenous chicken populations in rural area are mainly bred based on owner preferences without genotypic characterization. These all breeding strategies oppose the concepts of sustainability and geosocial development, and will lead to the threatening risk of losing genetic identity and diversity of indigenous chicken breeds.
Genetic diversity is required for populations to evolve and to cope with environmental changes. A loss of genetic diversity is often associated with a reduction of reproductive fitness and lead to the edge of extinction (Frankham et al. 2002). Geosocial based sustainable development is the highest important concept for modern development nowadays. This concept focusing on balance development among the dimension of geography, agriculture, society, economics, culture, natural resources and environment. Therefore, the need to conserve and to utilize existing indigenous genetics have become a part of consequence. Studies on genetics, the development of economic traits and the preservation of indigenous breeds are crucial to defining and registering genetic resources (Rege & Okeyo 2006). For this reasons, both husbandry systems and genetic information of indigenous chickens are significance for sustainable development. Today, molecular markers have proven to be the best tools available to estimate genetic identity and diversity as well as to assess phylogenetics and genetic origins of domestic animal. By comparing DNA sequence data which can derive evolutionary relationships and geographical sub-structuring within and between groups (Groeneveld et al. 2010).
As in other livestock species, mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis is one of the tool which has been widely used in chicken (West & Zhou 1988; Liu et al. 2006; Oka et al. 2007; Muchadeyi et al. 2008). However, there are no study has been conducted in mtDNA of Thai indigenous chickens, only nuclear DNA marker analysis has been reported (Dorji et al. 2011). Little is known about the genetic information and there origin. The overall goals of this research project are to investigate production system, diversity and origin of Thai indigenous chicken in lower northern Thailand. The investigated knowledge from this study will be beneficial for the conservation purposes and utilization of Thai indigenous chicken genetic resources as well as improvement of agricultural production systems for geosocial based sustainable development in the future.
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